1. doll
[noun]
[de pop, de pop-pen]

"Pop" means "doll". Of course we all know the world’s most famous doll, Barbie. Many Dutch girls have had their own "barbiepop" ("Barbie doll"). See Examples for more on dolls. Some men also refer to their girlfriend or women in general as "pop" or its diminutive "poppetje". If a girl looks fragile and dressed up, some people could refer to her as a "poppetje". It could be used in both a positive and a negative meaning.

Examples:
– "Heb je die poppen bij Madame Tussauds in Amsterdam wel eens bekeken?"- "Oh, de wassen beelden bedoel je? Nee, nog niet." 
("Have you ever seen those dolls at Madame Tussauds in Amsterdam? -"Oh, you mean the wax sculptures? No not yet.")

– "De bewaker van Paleis Noordeinde stond kaarsrecht en knipperde zelfs niet met zijn ogen; hij leek net een pop." 
("The guard of Noordeinde Palace stood upright and didn’t even blink his eyes; he looked just like a doll.")

– "Mijn buurvrouw spaart porseleinen poppen." 
("My neighbour collects porcelain dolls." Please note that Dutch distinguishes between female and male neighbours, "buurvrouw" and "buurman", respectively.)

– "Zij is echt een poppetje: elke dag worden haar nagels en haar gedaan." 
("She is really a doll; every day she gets her nails and hair done.")

– "Tijdens het kinderfeestje werd poppenkast gespeeld met echte poppenkastpoppen." 
("During the children’s party a charade was performed with real puppet theatre dolls.")

– "Deze politieke beweging stelt echt helemaal niets voor; het is een grote poppenkast." 
("This political movement amounts to nothing at all; it’s one big charade.")

Related words:
– Poppenkast: puppet theatre [noun] [de poppenkast, de poppenkasten].

2. pop
[noun]
[de pop, <no plural]

"Pop" can also refer to the music genre "pop". "Popmuziek" is "pop music", a "popgroep" is a band playing pop music. "Nederpop" is popmusic with Dutch lyrics, derived from the name of our country "Nederland" ("Netherlands"; "neder" is oldfashioned Dutch for "low"). Check out the Extra of DWOTD "Dak" for a typical 1950’s "Nederpopsong". Dutch hasn’t invented its own words for music genres and just copies the English words (jazz, soul, R&B, rock, metal).

Examples:
– "Houd je van Nederpop?"-"Ja hoor, ik luister naar alles: De Dijk, Blof, Doe Maar." 
("Do you like Dutch pop music? "Sure, I listen to everything: De Dijk, Bløf, Doe Maar.")

– "Gaat je voorkeur uit naar pop, jazz of bossanova?" 
("Do you prefer pop, jazz, or bossanova?")

Related words:
– Popgroep: band playing pop [noun] [de popgroep, de popgroepen].
– Popmuziek: pop music [noun] [de popmuziek, <no plural>].

Extra:
During the Pentecost weekend and on First Pentecost day ("Pinksterweekend" and "Pinkstermaandag"), Dutch popfestival Pinkpop will be held for the fourtiest time in Landgraaf. The logo of the festival combines "pop" in its two meanings: "doll" and "pop".

1. rose
[noun]
[de roos, de ro-zen]

The most common use of “roos” is “rose”. As you probably know, roses are not Holland’s most famous flowers; tulips are. If you’ve ever visited the Keukenhof (I have to admit I haven’t), you know how serious the Dutch take their tulips. “Roos” can have several other meanings that are explained below.

Examples:
– “Op haar 28e verjaardag kreeg ze 28 rode rozen van haar vriend.” 
(“On her 28th birthday she got 28 red roses from her boyfriend.”)

– “Wat zijn je lievelingsbloemen? Rozen, tulpen, anemonen, lelies of chrysanten?”
(“What are your favorite flowers? Roses, tulips, anemones, lilies or chrysanthemums?”)

– “Hij plukte rozen uit de tuin van de buren.”
(“He picked roses from the neighbours’ garden.”)

– “Kun je de rozen even schuin afsnijden voor je ze in een vaas zet?”
(“Can you cut the roses slantwise before you put them in a vase?”)

Expressions:
– “Slapen als een roos”: to sleep like a baby.

Related words:
– Bloem: flower [noun] [de bloem, de bloemen].
– Tulp: tulip [noun] [de tulp, de tulpen].

Extra:
“Sleeping beauty” is called “Doornroosje” in Dutch. “Doorn” means “thorn” and “roosje” is the diminutive of “roos” thus meaning “little rose”. She’s probably called this way because a thick thorny hedge is surrounding the castle where she’s “sleeping like a rose” 😉

As for girls’ names, “Roos” is also a common Dutch name. In the 1990’s, Dutch band Linda, Roos and Jessica scored a hit with “Ademnood” (“Shortness in breath”).

2. dandruff
[noun]
[de roos, <no plural>]

Examples:
– “Gebruik je een anti-roos shampoo om roos tegen te gaan?” 
(“Do you use an anti-dandruff shampoo to prevent dandruff?”)

3. bull’s-eye
[noun]
[de roos, <no plural>]

Examples:
– “Hij zei dat hij niet kon omgaan met een wapen maar hij schoot de eerste keer dat hij het probeerde in de roos!” 
(“He said he couldn’t handle a gun, but he hit the bull’s-eye the first time he tried .”)

Expressions:
– “In de roos!”: bulls’-eye!
– “Een schot in de roos”: a bull’s-eye, the perfect choice/decision/gift.

to replace, to stand in for
[verb]
[ver-van-gen, ver-ving, ver-van-gen]

"Vervangen" means "to replace" or "to stand in for". The verb has no relation with "vangen" which means  "to catch". As the English "to replace", you can use "vervangen" for almost anything: from broken light bulbs to kneecaps to people.. The related noun – used for people only – is "vervanger" ("substitute"). The adjective related to "vervangen" is "vervangbaar" ("replaceable").

Examples:
– "De spits werd in de laatste minuut van de wedstrijd vervangen. Zijn vervanger: een middenvelder." 
("The forward was replaced in the last minute of the game. His substitute: a midfielder.")

– "De binnenband van mijn fiets was helemaal beschadigd, dus ik heb hem vervangen." 
("The innertyre of my bicycle was completely damaged, so I replaced it.")

– "De blauwe envelop van de Belastingdient wordt binnen enkele jaren vervangen door een internetformulier." 
("The blue envelope of the Tax Authority will be replaced by an internet form within a few years.")

– "De VS gaan een van hun generaals in Afghanistan vervangen." 
("The United States will replace one of their generals in Afghanistan.")

– "Als je niet naar die afspraak kan, kun je dan vervanging regelen?" 
("If you can’t make that appointment, can you arrange a replacement?")

– "Mijn mobiel valt de hele tijd uit; hij is dringend toe aan vervanging." 
("My cellpone turns itself off all the time; it urgently needs replacement.")

Expressions:
– "Vervangend vervoer": substitute transportation (e.g. as part of your car insurance service).

Related words:
– Vervanging: replacement [noun] [de vervanging, de vervangingen].
– Vervanger: replacement, substitute [noun] [de vervanger, de vervangers].
– (On)vervangbaar: (ir)replaceable [adjective/adverb].
– Vangen: to catch [verb] [ving, gevangen].